—Jerome Bruner: a learning theorist

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— —Who is Jerome Bruner?

—Learning theorist

—Associated with the Constructivism view of learning

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—Originated Discovery method of learning.

—Who is Jerome Bruner?

—1915: Born in NYC

—In WW2 worked for U.S. Army intelligence reviewing the effectiveness of propaganda.

—1947 : Ph. D. , Psychology from Harvard

—Positions on faculties of Harvard, Oxford, and currently NYU

—Founded Center for Cognitive studies with Leo  Postman

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—Who is Jerome Bruner?

—rooted mainly in the study of cognition

—Reacted against behaviorist model of learning

— founded “New Look” movement in psychology

—Change from behaviorist model

—What ideas and influences are associated with Bruner?

1. Constructivism

—paradigm of learning

—learners create their own subjective constructs of reality

—What ideas and influences are associated with Bruner?

—Other Constructivists include Piaget, Vygotsky and Dewey.

—Builds on the concept of  stages of development (Piaget)

—Environment has bigger role in learning development.

—"any subject can be taught effectively in some intellectually honest form to any child at any stage of development.“ The Process of Education (1960)

—What is Discovery learning?

— —Learner builds on past experience

—Students interact with environment

—Discovers facts and relationships on own

—Students create own construct of knowledge through narrative

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—Advantages of Discovery Learning

—active engagement

—promotes motivation

—Promotes ownership of learning

—the development of creativity and problem solving skills.

—a tailored learning experience

—Criticisms of discovery learning

—Too much information (cognitive overload)

—Often requires vast resources unavailable in traditional classroom.

—Lack of teacher control

—Potential misconceptions

—Teachers may fail to recognize misconceptions

—Examples of discovery learning

—learning with and through narratives

—case-based learning

—guided discovery

—problem-based learning

—simulation-based learning

—incidental learning

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— Importance of Narrative

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—What are the roles of narratives in the following narrative?

—How is this an example of discovery learning?

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—Repairing Photocopiers

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—When I arrived at Xerox, back in the 1980s, the company was spending millions and millions of dollars a year training its 23,000 "tech reps" around the world-the people who repair its copiers and printers. Lots of that training-it was like classroom instruction seemed to have little effect. Xerox wanted me to come up with some intelligent-tutoring or artificial-intelligence system for teaching these people troubleshooting. Fortunately, before we did so, we hired several anthropologists to go live in their "tribe" and see how they actually worked.

—What the anthropologists learned surprised us. When a tech rep got stuck by a machine, he or she didn't look at the manual or review the training; he or she called another tech rep. As the two of them stood over the problematic machine, they'd recall earlier machines and fixes, then connect those stories to a new one that explained some of the symptoms. Some fragment of the initial story would remind them of another incident, which suggested a new measurement or tweak, which reminded them of another story fragment and fix to try, and so on. Troubleshooting for these people, then, really meant construction of a narrative, one that finally explained the symptoms and test data and got the machine up and running again. Abstract, logical reasoning wasn't the way they went about it; stories were.

—This article was originally published in Change, Growing Up Digital, March/April 2000, pp 10-20. It is reprinted with the author's permission and permission of the Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation. It was published by Heldref Publications, 1319 18th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036-1802. Copyright © 2000.

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—Websites consulted

—Kearsley, G (2008). Constructivist theory. Retrieved February 14, 2008, from Explorations in Learning and Instruction Web site: http://tip.psychology.org/bruner.html Jerome Seymour Bruner. (2006).

—In Encyclopedia of World Biography [Web]. Thompson Gale. Retrieved 2/18/2008, from http://www.bookrags.com/biography/jerome-seymour-bruner/

—Learning Theories Knowledgebase (2008, February). Discovery Learning (Bruner) at Learning-Theories.com. Retrieved February 18, 2008 from

—Bruner, , Jerome S. (2001). In Gale encyclopedia of Psychology [Web]. Retrieved 2/18/2008, from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g2699/is_0000/ai_2699000048

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